K9 Optimum Puppy Large Breed Review

This food is suitable for the following breed sizes:

Private label (or white label) pet foods are pre-formulated recipes that companies can order from certain factories, add their own label or packaging and retail to the public as their own brand. They are therefore available from numerous suppliers.
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In general, unless your dog has health issues, you probably won't have to worry about these figures. Click here for more information

Mixing bowl composition

This is the ingredients list as printed on the packaging or manufacturer's website.

Think of the 'mixing bowl' composition like a recipe - all the ingredients you would need to put in a 'mixing bowl' in order to make the food.

Ingredients have to be listed in descending order of their weight so the higher it appears, the more there is.

Highlighted ingredients

Ingredients that we believe to be controversial or inferior are highlighted in yellow with particularly low grade, highly contentious or excessively vague ingredients in red.

As fed composition

While the 'mixing bowl' composition is useful for knowing what went into the food, it doesn't always reflect what your dog is actually eating. This is because the processes that turn the ingredients into the finished pet food can significantly alter the relative weights of the ingredients.

For this reason we've calculated the approximate 'as fed' percentages for the main ingredient categories in the finished product.

Please note that these figures are very approximate. They are estimates based on the information provided by the manufacturer in the ingredients list so the clearer the terminology and the more percentages they provide, the more accurate our estimates will be. Wherever information is lacking, we always assume the worst.

Ingredient categories

◉ Meat ingredients: includes all meat and fish ingredients except isolated fats/oils.

◉Added oils and fats: includes all isolated oil and fat ingredients.

◉ Carb-rich ingredients: includes all ingredients derived from grains, pseudo-grains, potatoes and other starchy root vegetables, sweet potato and legumes (except whole peas which are categorised under fruit and veg) except for isolated protein and extracted oils. Also includes fibre supplements.

◉ Fruit and veg: includes all whole vegetables and fruits.

◉ Other: all other ingredients. Mostly made up by nutritional supplements and additives.

For more information on any ingredient, please take a look at our Dog Food Ingredient Glossary

The dry matter level of a nutrient is the percentage there would be in the food if all of the water was removed.

With water taken out of the equation, these figures allow the nutrient levels of foods of different types (like wet and dry) to be compared on an even playing field.

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In general, unless your dog has health issues, you probably won't have to worry about these figures. Click here for more information

The price per day of feeding this food based on feeding the manufacturer's recommended daily amount from 12kg bags bought at their rrp to a dog of:

		kg

Note: All suggested feeding amounts and costs are only approximate and may vary considerably from dog to dog. Be sure to contact the manufacturer if in any doubt.

Country of origin: United Kingdom

A technological additive is any substance added to a pet food "for a technological purpose and which favourably affects the characteristics of feed".

The most common categories of technological additives include preservatives and antioxidants, gelling agents and thickeners and probiotics.

While the primary effects of technoloical additives are certainly 'favourable' (increased shelf life in the case of preservatives & antioxidants, better food texture and consistency in the case of gelling agents and thickeners etc.) some have been linked to health problems in pets and should be treated with caution.

Unfortunately, many technological additives do not have to be declared by the manufacturer so just because they do not appear on the label does not necessarily mean they are not in the food. If in doubt, ask the manufacturer directly exactly what technological additives their foods contain.