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Lünen, Germany 
Suitable for all breeds of dogs
Click here for more info.
In general, unless your dog has health issues, you probably won't have to worry about these figures. Click here for more information
Mixing bowl composition
This is the ingredients list as printed on the packaging or manufacturer's website.
Think of the 'mixing bowl' composition like a recipe - all the ingredients you would need to put in a 'mixing bowl' in order to make the food.
Ingredients have to be listed in descending order of their weight so the higher it appears, the more there is.
Highlighted ingredients
Ingredients that we believe to be controversial or inferior are highlighted in yellow with particularly low grade, highly contentious or excessively vague ingredients in red.
Information in italics is not usually avaialble on the ingredients list but has been provided to us by the manufacturer to help with our ratings.
As fed composition
While the 'mixing bowl' composition is useful for knowing what went into the food, it doesn't always reflect what your dog is actually eating. This is because the processes that turn the ingredients into the finished pet food can significantly alter the relative weights of the ingredients.
For this reason we've calculated the approximate 'as fed' percentages for the main ingredient categories in the finished product.
Please note that these figures are very approximate. They are estimates based on the information provided by the manufacturer in the ingredients list so the clearer the terminology and the more percentages they provide, the more accurate our estimates will be. Wherever information is lacking, we always assume the worst.
Ingredient categories
◉ Meat ingredients: includes all meat and fish ingredients except isolated fats/oils.
◉Added oils and fats: includes all isolated oil and fat ingredients.
◉ Carb-rich ingredients: includes all ingredients derived from grains, pseudo-grains, potatoes and other starchy root vegetables, sweet potato and legumes (except whole peas which are categorised under fruit and veg) except for isolated protein and extracted oils. Also includes fibre supplements.
◉ Fruit and veg: includes all whole vegetables and fruits.
◉ Other: all other ingredients. Mostly made up by nutritional supplements and additives.
For more information on any ingredient, please take a look at our Dog Food Ingredient Glossary
The dry matter level of a nutrient is the percentage there would be in the food if all of the water was removed.
With water taken out of the equation, these figures allow the nutrient levels of foods of different types (like wet and dry) to be compared on an even playing field.
Natural
This food does not contain any added artificial preservatives, antioxidants, colourings, flavourings or other controversial synthetic ingredients. For more information on our logos tap here
Not natural
This food contains some added artificial preservatives, antioxidants, colourings, flavourings and/or other controversial synthetic ingredients. For more information on our logos tap here
High meat content
This food contains at least 30% meat ingredients on a dry matter basis (once all of the food's water has been taken out of the equation). For more information on our logos tap here
Not high in meat
This food contains less than 30% meat ingredients on a dry matter basis (once all of the food's water has been taken out of the equation). For more information on our logos tap here
Hypoallergenic
This food is free from all ingredients that are regularly linked by veterinarians to food allergies and/or intolerance in dogs like wheat, maize, dairy products, soya products and artificial additives. For more information on our logos tap here
Not hypoallergenic
This food contains one or more ingredients that are regularly linked by veterinarians to food allergies and/or intolerance in dogs or uses ambiguous terms making it impossible to rule their presence out. For more information on our logos tap here
Grain free
This food is free from all cereals including wheat, rice, maize, barley and oats. For more information on our logos tap here
Not grain free
This food contains one or more cereals or has an ingredient list that is too unclear to rule out cereal content. For more information on our logos tap here
Clearly labelled
Each ingredient is clearly and individually stated and there is at least a reasonable indication of the percentages of the main ingredients. For more information on our logos tap here
Not clearly labelled
It is difficult to tell exactly what is in this food due to a lack of labelling clarity. For more information on our logos tap here
Certified nutritionally complete
This food complies fully with the complete food nutrient tolerances as recommended by FEDIAF and/or AAFCO. For more information on our logos tap here
Not certified nutritionally complete
This food does not comply fully with the complete food nutrient tolerances as recommended by FEDIAF and/or AAFCO. For more information on our logos tap here
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98 out of 100 - Excellent
Our unique nutritional ratings are calculated based on a number of characteristics including the quality and quantity of the stated ingredients, certain nutritional and technological additives and the processing methods used to create the food. They are designed to indicate how healthy a food is likely to be for the majority of dogs when fed on a daily basis for an extended period. Click here for more information
Country of origin: Germany